<h2>Big Governance Stories from small Towns.</h2>Analysis and examples of what is really happening at Each-Tier of the Governance.

Governance

<h4>Importance of 76th Republic Day</h4>India gained independence on August 15, 1947, but it didn’t have its own set of laws or constitution right away hence the country was governed by British laws.India has its own socio-economic as well as demographic issues , hence our constitution makers were drafting something that would truly represent India’s democratic idea and represent every strata of the society.After series of debates , discussions &amp; considerations It was on January 26th 1950, that India officially became a republic and its Constitution came into force and hence India became a Republic nation.

What is the importance of 76th Republic Day ?

India's healthcare system stands as a juxtaposition of remarkable achievements and glaring deficiencies. While advancements in medical science and technology have positioned India as a global healthcare provider, the domestic scenario often reveals critical inadequacies, especially in public health infrastructure. Recent incidents like the Jhansi NICU fire and other tragedies underline the urgent need for systemic reforms.&nbsp; <h3>Recent Healthcare Tragedies related to newborns in India.</h3>Jhansi NICU Fire (November 2024): A catastrophic fire at Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College’s neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) on November 15, 2024, resulted in the deaths of 10 newborns and injuries to 16 others. The fire, reportedly caused by an electrical short circuit, exposed lapses in safety protocols despite housing over 50 critically ill infants. This incident highlights the lack of emergency preparedness and regular safety audits in public healthcare facilities.&nbsp;Nanded Hospital Tragedy (October 2023).In Maharashtra, the Shankarrao Chavan Government Medical College and Hospital witnessed the death of over 35 patients, including 15 newborns, in just two days. Overcrowding and malfunctioning diagnostic equipment exacerbated the crisis. Designed for 500 patients, the hospital was operating with over 1,200 admitted, exposing the severe mismatch between infrastructure and patient needs.Ahmednagar Hospital Fire (November 2023)A fire at Ahmednagar Civil Hospital claimed multiple lives due to a lack of fire safety measures. Investigations revealed that 90% of government hospitals lacked valid fire safety certifications. Overcrowding, improper electrical load management, and combustible building materials compounded the disaster, showcasing widespread negligence.Hospital Deaths (August 2023)At Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Hospital in Maharashtra, 18 patients succumbed to death in just 18 hours due to inadequate staffing, insufficient infrastructure, and an overburdened system. The tragedy highlighted systemic failures in ensuring patient safety and quality care.

Newborn carrying the burden of India's Healthcare Infrastructure.

<h3>A Sridevasena, IAS: How she turned a high-risk dengue area into India’s cleanest district.</h3> When A. Sridevasena became the district collector of Peddapalli, she faced big problems with sanitation. The district was almost ready to be called Open Defecation Free (ODF), but when Sridevasena visited local villages, she saw that wasn't true. Open defecation was still common, there was a strong smell of waste, and open drains ran in front of many homes. Sridevasena knew that to truly achieve ODF status, she needed to make major changes, and she was determined to make it happen.&nbsp; Over a year, Sridevasena led efforts that not only made Peddapalli an ODF+ district but also the cleanest in India. <ul><li>Her main focus was the Swachh Shukravaram initiative, which aimed to end open defecation by ensuring every household had a toilet. When some people complained about being far from home toilets, the collector ordered one community toilet for each of the 263 villages. Sarpanches were tasked with funding and maintaining these toilets, which help both farmers and students.</li><li>Devasena also launched the ‘Swachhagrahi’ program, appointing over 1,000 women from self-help groups to monitor cleanliness. Each Swachhagrahi oversees 50-100 families, educating them about the risks of open defecation. Village leaders, or sarpanches, were responsible for constructing and maintaining these facilities to keep them clean and usable.</li><li>Sridevasena also tackled the problem of open drains by overseeing the construction of more than 100,000 soak pits, which helped manage greywater and eliminate open drains. The project was partially funded for Below Poverty Line (BPL) families, while Above Poverty Line (APL) families were encouraged to build their own soak pits.</li></ul>This not only improved water management but also created a cleaner, healthier environment for everyone. As a result, Peddapalli saw a 65% drop in dengue cases in 2019 compared to the previous year, proving these measures were effective in improving public health.

Turning a high-risk dengue area into India’s cleanest district.

Meet IAS officer Ravikant Rao, whose innovative approach and relentless dedication transformed "Dewas", a drought-prone district in Madhya Pradesh, into a lush green landscape.Once an arid region facing severe water scarcity, Dewas now boasts 16,000 ponds across 60-80 acres and supports over 1,000 farmers earning more than Rs 25 lakhs annually.This remarkable transformation was made possible through Ravikant’s combination of commitment and strategic thinking, which not only revitalized Dewas but also inspired neighboring districts to adopt similar strategies. <h3>THE STORY</h3>When Ravikant Rao took charge as the District Magistrate of Dewas in 2006, he encountered a region struggling with acute water shortages. Farmers were unable to secure loans for constructing ponds, essential for irrigation and water storage.The severity of the drought was such that Dewas had to have water delivered by train, highlighting the dire need for a sustainable solution to water scarcity. Confronted with this challenge, Ravikant realized that addressing water issues was crucial for the district’s survival and prosperity.Drawing on his background as a civil engineering graduate, he developed an innovative model for water conservation that also emphasized economic benefits. He introduced the concept of "Jal Bachao Labh Kamao" (Save Water, Earn Profit), encouraging large-scale farmers to invest in building ponds on a small portion of their land.This model not only promoted water conservation but also provided an opportunity for farmers to increase their income, creating a win-win situation.

Turning an Arid District Green: The Story of an IAS Officer Ravikant Rao.

Kudumbashree signifies different things to different people.For some, it is Kerala's state government’s poverty eradication initiative. For others, it represents a network of women involved in social work. Many also associate Kudumbashree with the women who collect waste from households monthly.Kudumbashree, a poverty eradication mission, operates through Neighbourhood Groups (NHGs) in villages, and Community Development Societies (CDS) at broader levels. These terms are interchangeably used to describe the organization’s various aspects. Women credit Kudumbashree for providing nutrimix to Anganawadis, among other support.To understand Kudumbashree’s history and evolution, we need to explore the community network of women and the supporting Mission. We will trace the experiments and experiences that shaped Kudumbashree.<h3> </h3><h3>Evolution of the Kudumbashree Idea:</h3><ul><li>Kudumbashree originated from the People’s Plan Movement, a state strategy for mass mobilization for decentralized planning.</li><li>It extended from the CDS experiments in Alappuzha and Malappuram, which themselves were influenced by NABARD's SHG Bank Linkage Programme.</li><li>The foundation of Kudumbashree is NHGs, a concept deeply rooted in Kerala’s development history and traditional community organization forms.</li></ul>The NHG concept contrasts with the SHG model promoted in various states and countries, as NHGs in Kerala were designed for planning and development actions.<ul><li>Kudumbashree evolved through community mobilization experiments and various civil society initiatives aimed at different community goals.</li><li>The decentralization of powers to Panchayati raj institutions and the People’s Plan Campaign catalyzed Kudumbashree’s formation.</li></ul>Launched during the 1996 People’s Plan Campaign, Kudumbashree operates under the local self-government department with support from the union government and NABARD. It comprises NHGs, ADSs at the ward level, and CDSs at the local government level. As of 2023, Kudumbashree includes over 300,000 NHGs, 19,000 ADSs, and 1,070 CDSs. It has also launched supplementary groups for young women, providing income-generating opportunities and social intervention platforms.<h3>Role in Crisis Management:</h3>In crisis like floods and pandemics, Kudumbashree has consistently supported Kerala and its people. Initially a cluster of microcredit neighborhood groups focusing on thrift and credit, Kudumbashree transformed women from poverty-stricken families into crisis managers and entrepreneurs.Launched in Malappuram 26 years ago by Prime Minister A.B. Vajpayee, Kudumbashree aimed to integrate women into the societal mainstream.Over the years, these women have become integral to grassroots planning for employment generation, poverty alleviation, and women empowerment.<ul><li>Kudumbashree mobilized women from various social sections into community activities statewide. Celebrating its silver jubilee, Kudumbashree now connects over half the families in Kerala, understanding the community’s evolving needs.</li><li>Kudumbashree bridges the government and the common people, facilitating initiatives in micro-enterprising, social collectives, agricultural projects, rural development, and more. It has significantly empowered Dalit and tribal women, improving their lives.</li></ul>

History and Evolution of Kudumbashree Mission - Its impactful analysis.

Recently RBI has categorized Kerala among five highly stressed states. This shows that Kerala is one of the worst financially managed state. The condition was so severe that government is not able to pay salaries, pension, provident fund etc. to government employees.<h3>Some Facts related to the financial position of the state:</h3><ul><li>The revenue deficit of Kerala as a percentage of state gross domestic product be 3.17% for 2021-2022, higher than all state average of 0.46%. (In simple terms, it means that Kerala's government spent more money than it earned in the 2021-2022 fiscal year, and this deficit was 3.17% of the state's total economic output (Gross Domestic Product or GDP). This percentage is higher compared to the average deficit percentage for all states, which is 0.46%. Essentially, Kerala's deficit is relatively higher compared to other states.)</li><li>The fiscal deficit rate of Kerala to be 4.94%, compared to average of all states is 2.80%.(It means Kerala's fiscal deficit rate of 4.94% means its government borrowed money equivalent to nearly 5% of its economic output (GDP) in 2021-2022, which is higher than the average borrowing rate of all states, which stands at 2.80%.)</li><li>Now the economic facts say that the revenue deficit must be almost equal to zero, as it shows the burden of the state, as this deficit have no return value.</li><li>Now the recent economic review of Kerala 2023, tabled in the Assembly said that the state has effectively reduced its revenue deficit to 0.88% from 2.23% of GSDP( Gross State Domestic Product) in 2021-22.</li></ul>From all this we can say that the state of Kerala hasn’t been able to earn higher profit or earn higher share of revenue from the taxes. This was the reason that RBI has categorized Kerala as worst financially managed state.<h3>The Developments in the current economic scenario of the state :</h3><ul><li>Kerala government went to Supreme Court to urge central government to relax the borrowing limit, and also urge centre to give the relief package to Kerala to deal with the current situation.</li><li>Supreme Court also urged the central government to provide the relief package and consider rescuing Kerala and provide a bailout package to tackle the financial crisis of the state.</li></ul>

Kerala's Financial Crisis - Current Struggles of the state.

A real-time event which is inspiring for others &amp; has ethical inclination &nbsp;SHEETAL BARSE VS. STATE OF RAJASTHAN&nbsp;&nbsp;Being the daughter of a police inspector, Sheetal Barse worked as a freelance journalist contributing to various newspapers and magazines in the city, including Femina and Illustrated Weekly.She, however, did not limit herself to reporting on issues but went beyond to pursue them beyond the field of journalism.<ul><li>From her field visits to data collated from various government authorities, she filed petitions in the High Court as well as Supreme Court.</li><li>An activist and journalist, she is often credited with introducing the concept of child rights in India. She led many public interest litigation cases before the Supreme Court of India including complaints of custodial violence to women prisoners in the police lock-up in the city of Bhilwara. </li><li>The petitioner stated in her letter that she interviewed five out of fifteen women prisoners in the bhilwara Central Jail with the permission of the Inspector General of Prisons between 11th and 17th May 1982 and five out of them told her that they had been physically assaulted by the police in the police lockup.&nbsp;</li></ul> ISSUES related to the Case<ol><li>Whether the cruel treatment which the female prisoners have to deal with is defensible or not?</li><li>Whether the ill treatment of the female prisoners by officials can be considered as a violation of the rights enshrined under Article 21 of Constitution or not?</li><li>Whether it is the obligation of the State government to provide legal counsel to the prisoners or not?</li></ol> Ruling of the Case<ul><li>Our constitution gives us Article 39 A, one of the basic principles of state policy, which specifies that the state must offer free legal assistance to its citizens in order to ensure that everyone has access to justice in the country. </li><li>Not only does Article 21 guarantee the right to life and liberty, it also guarantees equality before the law under Article 14 of the constitution. </li><li>The court ruled that because it is required under Articles 14, 19, and 39A of the Indian Constitution, impoverished people who are being detained should be given legal help by the state. </li><li>The Court instructed the social workers to report on any ill treatment of female detainees in the jails. In order to set up “legal aid organizations'' at the High Court and District levels, the Supreme Court issues a notification to the Inspector of different Jails. According to Section 160(1) of the CrPC, only female police officials are permitted to check a female suspect.</li></ul>

Big Governance Stories from small Towns.

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